{"id":9337,"date":"2024-11-23T13:27:23","date_gmt":"2024-11-23T09:57:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/?page_id=9337"},"modified":"2025-02-11T15:34:14","modified_gmt":"2025-02-11T12:04:14","slug":"pipe_pressure_rate_2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/pipe_pressure_rate_2\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Calculate the Pressure Capacity of Pipes Considering Temperature Variations"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"9337\" class=\"elementor elementor-9337\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t        <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4563e8a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"4563e8a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c7384d3\" data-id=\"c7384d3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4c0465 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f4c0465\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to Calculate the Pressure Capacity of Pipes Considering Temperature Variations<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69a61f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"69a61f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-014637f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"014637f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae18b58 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae18b58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pipes are one of the most critical components used under various conditions across different industries.\u00a0<\/p><p>This assay explores how factors such as material, wall thickness, outer diameter, and particularly temperature variations affect the pressure capacity of pipes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-357fcab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"357fcab\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-66d5dec\" data-id=\"66d5dec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n                                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a7f127e\" data-id=\"a7f127e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13ffeda elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"13ffeda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"446\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Pipe-pressure-rate-600x446.png\" class=\"attachment-woocommerce_single size-woocommerce_single wp-image-9344\" alt=\"Pipe-pressure-rate\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Pipe-pressure-rate-600x446.png 600w, https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Pipe-pressure-rate-300x223.png 300w, https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Pipe-pressure-rate-1024x762.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Pipe-pressure-rate-768x571.png 768w, https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Pipe-pressure-rate-1536x1143.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Pipe-pressure-rate-2048x1524.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-acbbd03\" data-id=\"acbbd03\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n                                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-035d0f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"035d0f3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-66df2a9\" data-id=\"66df2a9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27bde56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"27bde56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3195bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d3195bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction to Pipes<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-166122e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"166122e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>A pipe is a cylindrical component, predominantly with a circular cross-section, commonly used to transport substances that can flow, such as liquids, gases, and occasionally solids.<\/li><li>Both terms, &#8220;Pipe&#8221; and &#8220;Tube,&#8221; are commonly used. &#8220;Tube&#8221; is generally used for pipes with square or rectangular cross-sections. Circular-section tubes often offer higher dimensional accuracy and surface quality compared to pipes, making them more expensive and widely utilized in various industries, especially pharmaceuticals.<\/li><li>Dimensional standards for metallic pipes, such as carbon steel, are typically ASME B 36.10 and ASME B 36.19, while non-metallic pipes like UPVC and polyethylene adhere to DIN 8074.<\/li><li>In all pipes, the outer diameter remains constant, with the wall thickness and corresponding inner diameter varying.<\/li><li>Different wall thicknesses are expressed using a parameter known as \u201cSchedule\u201d, ranging from Schedule 5 (thinner walls) to Schedule 160 (thicker walls).<\/li><li>Steel pipes can be categorized by manufacturing method into \u201cSeamless Steel Pipes\u201d and \u201cWelded Steel Pipes\u201d. Generally, seamless pipes are used for high-pressure applications, while welded pipes are suitable for water transfer lines, electrical conduit systems, etc.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f60f757 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"f60f757\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-83aaaec\" data-id=\"83aaaec\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be395e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"be395e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bced58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0bced58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is the Relationship Between Temperature Variations and Pipe Pressure Capacity?<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ffd036 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ffd036\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Temperature significantly affects the yield stress and allowable stress of pipe materials.<\/li><li>As temperature increases, the allowable stress in the pipe decreases.<\/li><li>Given the direct relationship between stress and pressure in pipes, an increase in temperature leads to a reduction in pressure capacity.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-58457f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"58457f5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d20ef40\" data-id=\"d20ef40\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6667d45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"6667d45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eaa20fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eaa20fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How to Determine Maximum Allowable Stress for Any Temperature Using Standards?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97c5938 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97c5938\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The ASME B31.3 standard provides the basis for design or allowable stress for process piping systems in industries.<\/p><p>To calculate the Maximum Allowable Pressure (Design Pressure) based on the ASME B31.3 standard, specific formulas and tables are utilized, which depend on factors such as temperature, alloy type, pipe thickness, and diameter. Below is an example calculation for allowable pressure at a given temperature.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8c5687e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"8c5687e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e0047d9\" data-id=\"e0047d9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-236b189 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"236b189\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08851f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08851f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Steps to Calculate Allowable Pressure<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cbcbb4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cbcbb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li>Gather Initial Data: Material, operating temperature, etc.<\/li><li>Use the Design Pressure Formula: According to ASME B31.3, the <strong>**Barlow&#8217;s Formula**<\/strong> is applied for pipes and piping systems as follows:<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90e9e96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"90e9e96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"282\" height=\"139\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647-\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631-\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc-\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632-.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-9356\" alt=\"pipe pressure rate\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcd88e7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcd88e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0\u00a0 Where:\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>P: Allowable working pressure (psi)\u00a0<\/li><li>S: Allowable stress at a specific temperature (psi, obtained from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/3d-flip-book\/table-of-basic-permissible-stresses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Table A-1<\/a> of ASME B31.3)<\/li><li>t: Pipe wall thickness (inches)\u00a0<\/li><li>D: Pipe outer diameter (inches)\u00a0<\/li><li>SF: Safety Factor (ranges from 1.5 to 10 depending on pipe application; for maximum pressure calculations, it is taken as 1).\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0e9ceaf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"0e9ceaf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-55a3aa8\" data-id=\"55a3aa8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37c6856 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"37c6856\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ab4e02 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ab4e02\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>3. Example Calculation:<\/p><p>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/3d-flip-book\/table-of-basic-permissible-stresses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Table 1<\/a> of ASME B36.10, for a carbon steel pipe (NPS 4, Schedule 5), the outer diameter is 4.5 inches, and the thickness is 0.083 inches. At 300\u00b0F, the allowable stress for A106 Grade A from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/3d-flip-book\/table-of-basic-permissible-stresses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Table A-1<\/a> is 16 Ksi. Using the formula, the maximum allowable pressure is:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f19a994 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f19a994\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"125\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/\u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631-\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631-\u0628\u0627\u0631-\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632-768x150.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-9361\" alt=\"pipe pressure rate5\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/\u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631-\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631-\u0628\u0627\u0631-\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632-768x150.png 768w, https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/\u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631-\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631-\u0628\u0627\u0631-\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632-300x59.png 300w, https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/\u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631-\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631-\u0628\u0627\u0631-\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632-600x117.png 600w, https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/\u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631-\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631-\u0628\u0627\u0631-\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632.png 881w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4201cf6 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4201cf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If the temperature rises to 750\u00b0F under the same conditions, the allowable stress reduces to 10.7 Ksi, resulting in a new maximum pressure of:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-de1af00 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"de1af00\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-907818c\" data-id=\"907818c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea1a0ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"ea1a0ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81af3f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"81af3f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">To get detailed information about the calculation of tolerable pressure in pipes, refer to the following links:<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fdbdb0a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"fdbdb0a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-27d2b41\" data-id=\"27d2b41\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a718714 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a718714\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Basic allowable stresses in metals (Table A-1) according to ASME B31.3 standard<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1620fb3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"1620fb3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c81cd35\" data-id=\"c81cd35\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n                                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-511c29d\" data-id=\"511c29d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4984dda elementor-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-ct_button\" data-id=\"4984dda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"ct_button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"ct_button-4984dda\" class=\"ct-button-wrapper ct-button-layout1 icon-left btn--inline \">\r\n    <div class=\"ct-inline-css\"  data-css=\"\r\n        \">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n            <span class=\"ct-icon-active\"><\/span>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ASME-B31.3-A106304304L316316L.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"btn btn-secondary2 icon-active btn-inline-block  \" data-wow-delay=\"ms\">\r\n                            <span class=\"ct-button-icon ct-align-icon-left\">\r\n                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>            <\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"ct-button-text\">Table A-1<\/span>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ffd38c8\" data-id=\"ffd38c8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n                                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d4c1827 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"d4c1827\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-746eacd\" data-id=\"746eacd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6619f78 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6619f78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-24cb1b5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"24cb1b5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b81c964\" data-id=\"b81c964\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ddfd78 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5ddfd78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Allowable pressure chart for Carbon steel pipes (A -106) at different temperatures\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4d63377 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"4d63377\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9f72941\" data-id=\"9f72941\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-489f775 elementor-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-ct_button\" data-id=\"489f775\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"ct_button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"ct_button-489f775\" class=\"ct-button-wrapper ct-button-layout1 icon-left btn--inline \">\r\n    <div class=\"ct-inline-css\"  data-css=\"\r\n        \">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n            <span class=\"ct-icon-active\"><\/span>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/A106-En.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"btn btn-secondary2 icon-active btn-inline-block  \" data-wow-delay=\"ms\">\r\n                            <span class=\"ct-button-icon ct-align-icon-left\">\r\n                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>            <\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"ct-button-text\">Allowable pressure chart A 106<\/span>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb05a7d\" data-id=\"eb05a7d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fd5cfb elementor-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-ct_button\" data-id=\"7fd5cfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"ct_button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"ct_button-7fd5cfb\" class=\"ct-button-wrapper ct-button-layout1 icon-left btn--inline \">\r\n    <div class=\"ct-inline-css\"  data-css=\"\r\n        \">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n            <span class=\"ct-icon-active\"><\/span>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/A106.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"btn btn-secondary2 icon-active btn-inline-block  \" data-wow-delay=\"ms\">\r\n                            <span class=\"ct-button-icon ct-align-icon-left\">\r\n                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-file-excel\"><\/i>            <\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"ct-button-text\">Allowable pressure chart A 106<\/span>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb03e43\" data-id=\"cb03e43\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n                                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-169190e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"169190e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5e02c46\" data-id=\"5e02c46\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20ef0cd elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"20ef0cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f217575 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"f217575\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-79d7531\" data-id=\"79d7531\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-456bf79 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"456bf79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Allowable pressure chart for stainless steel pipes (304 &amp; 304L) at different temperatures\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-45ba68f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"45ba68f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-51d830a\" data-id=\"51d830a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da9e0b9 elementor-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-ct_button\" data-id=\"da9e0b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"ct_button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"ct_button-da9e0b9\" class=\"ct-button-wrapper ct-button-layout1 icon-left btn--inline \">\r\n    <div class=\"ct-inline-css\"  data-css=\"\r\n        \">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n            <span class=\"ct-icon-active\"><\/span>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/304-304L-En.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"btn btn-secondary2 icon-active btn-inline-block  \" data-wow-delay=\"ms\">\r\n                            <span class=\"ct-button-icon ct-align-icon-left\">\r\n                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>            <\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"ct-button-text\">Allowable pressure chart 304 &amp; 304L<\/span>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c70d92\" data-id=\"1c70d92\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9f3a47 elementor-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-ct_button\" data-id=\"f9f3a47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"ct_button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"ct_button-f9f3a47\" class=\"ct-button-wrapper ct-button-layout1 icon-left btn--inline \">\r\n    <div class=\"ct-inline-css\"  data-css=\"\r\n        \">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n            <span class=\"ct-icon-active\"><\/span>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/304-304L.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"btn btn-secondary2 icon-active btn-inline-block  \" data-wow-delay=\"ms\">\r\n                            <span class=\"ct-button-icon ct-align-icon-left\">\r\n                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-file-excel\"><\/i>            <\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"ct-button-text\">Allowable pressure chart 304 &amp; 304L<\/span>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9df2a2f\" data-id=\"9df2a2f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n                                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-49aa093 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"49aa093\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4855809\" data-id=\"4855809\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5edde0b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5edde0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-57c1a1b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"57c1a1b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-99d3ac5\" data-id=\"99d3ac5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b01aaa elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b01aaa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Allowable pressure chart for stainless steel pipes (316 &amp; 316L) at different temperatures\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-331d215 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"331d215\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-24e6cc2\" data-id=\"24e6cc2\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6bfaf4 elementor-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-ct_button\" data-id=\"b6bfaf4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"ct_button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"ct_button-b6bfaf4\" class=\"ct-button-wrapper ct-button-layout1 icon-left btn--inline \">\r\n    <div class=\"ct-inline-css\"  data-css=\"\r\n        \">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n            <span class=\"ct-icon-active\"><\/span>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/316-316L-En.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"btn btn-secondary2 icon-active btn-inline-block  \" data-wow-delay=\"ms\">\r\n                            <span class=\"ct-button-icon ct-align-icon-left\">\r\n                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>            <\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"ct-button-text\">Allowable pressure chart 316 &amp; 316L<\/span>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4039bfa\" data-id=\"4039bfa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7da1ed1 elementor-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-ct_button\" data-id=\"7da1ed1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"ct_button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"ct_button-7da1ed1\" class=\"ct-button-wrapper ct-button-layout1 icon-left btn--inline \">\r\n    <div class=\"ct-inline-css\"  data-css=\"\r\n        \">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n            <span class=\"ct-icon-active\"><\/span>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/316-316L.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"btn btn-secondary2 icon-active btn-inline-block  \" data-wow-delay=\"ms\">\r\n                            <span class=\"ct-button-icon ct-align-icon-left\">\r\n                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-file-excel\"><\/i>            <\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"ct-button-text\">Allowable pressure chart 316 &amp; 316L<\/span>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-54dabad\" data-id=\"54dabad\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n                                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-769abd2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"769abd2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e610ae4\" data-id=\"e610ae4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f508d1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1f508d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-31428ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"31428ff\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e52b3a\" data-id=\"7e52b3a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec125b4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec125b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Allowable pressure\u00a0Charts for duplex and super duplex stainless-steel Pipes Grade 31803 &amp; 32750<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-15d0af3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"15d0af3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ca5889\" data-id=\"3ca5889\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24ef681 elementor-align-center elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-ct_button\" data-id=\"24ef681\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"ct_button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"ct_button-24ef681\" class=\"ct-button-wrapper ct-button-layout1 icon-left btn--inline \">\r\n    <div class=\"ct-inline-css\"  data-css=\"\r\n        \">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n            <span class=\"ct-icon-active\"><\/span>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2205-2507-En.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"btn btn-secondary2 icon-active btn-inline-block  \" data-wow-delay=\"ms\">\r\n                            <span class=\"ct-button-icon ct-align-icon-left\">\r\n                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>            <\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"ct-button-text\">Allowable pressure chart 31803 &amp; 32750<\/span>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bd5e47f\" data-id=\"bd5e47f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca2ea8f elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-ct_button\" data-id=\"ca2ea8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"ct_button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"ct_button-ca2ea8f\" class=\"ct-button-wrapper ct-button-layout1 icon-left btn--inline \">\r\n    <div class=\"ct-inline-css\"  data-css=\"\r\n        \">\r\n    <\/div>\r\n            <span class=\"ct-icon-active\"><\/span>\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2205-2507.xlsx\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"btn btn-secondary2 icon-active btn-inline-block  \" data-wow-delay=\"ms\">\r\n                            <span class=\"ct-button-icon ct-align-icon-left\">\r\n                <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-file-excel\"><\/i>            <\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"ct-button-text\">Allowable pressure chart 31803 &amp; 32750<\/span>\r\n    <\/a>\r\n<\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-23e3aaa\" data-id=\"23e3aaa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n                                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n                <section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cfa6a4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default ct-header-fixed-none ct-row-max-none\" data-id=\"0cfa6a4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n            \n                        <div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default \">\n                    <div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1206882\" data-id=\"1206882\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n            <div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n                        \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b49e8f5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b49e8f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n        \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How to Calculate the Pressure Capacity of Pipes Considering Temperature Variations Introduction Pipes are one of the most critical components used under various conditions across different industries.\u00a0 This assay explores how factors such as material, wall thickness, outer diameter, and particularly temperature variations affect the pressure capacity of pipes. Introduction to Pipes A pipe is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9337","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.1 (Yoast SEO v25.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pakzist Modern - Calculate the Pressure Capacity of Pipes - Considering Temperature<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is the Relationship Between Temperature Variations - Table A-1 according to ASME B31.3 standard - chart for Carbon steel pipes A -106\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/pipe_pressure_rate_2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Calculate the Pressure Capacity of Pipes Considering Temperature Variations\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is the Relationship Between Temperature Variations - Table A-1 according to ASME B31.3 standard - chart for Carbon steel pipes A -106\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/pipe_pressure_rate_2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pakzist Modern\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-02-11T12:04:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Pipe-pressure-rate-600x446.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/pipe_pressure_rate_2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/pipe_pressure_rate_2\/\",\"name\":\"Pakzist Modern - Calculate the Pressure Capacity of Pipes - Considering Temperature\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/pipe_pressure_rate_2\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/pipe_pressure_rate_2\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.pmiec.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Pipe-pressure-rate-600x446.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-11-23T09:57:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-02-11T12:04:14+00:00\",\"description\":\"What is the Relationship Between Temperature Variations - 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